Kerendia (Finerenone)

• Generic name: Finerenone
• Drug class: Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist (MRA)
• Primary use:
  • Treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Helps reduce the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular complications.
• Mechanism of action: Blocks the effects of aldosterone, a hormone that can cause salt and water retention, inflammation, and fibrosis in the kidneys and heart.
• Key advantage: More selective and safer compared to older MRAs (like spironolactone), with fewer hormonal side effects.

⚠️ Important Notes

• Kerendia is not a direct blood pressure medication; its main role is kidney and heart protection in diabetic patients.
• Must be prescribed and monitored by a physician.
• Requires regular monitoring of kidney function and potassium levels, since it can cause hyperkalemia (high potassium).

✨ Short summary:
"Kerendia – Protecting kidneys and hearts in type 2 diabetes."

Minoxidil Foam

• Drug class: Vasodilator (topical hair growth treatment).
• Formulation: Foam (a modern alternative to the traditional liquid solution).
• Primary use:
  • Treats androgenetic alopecia (male and female pattern hair loss).
  • Stimulates hair follicles to promote regrowth.
• Mechanism of action:
  • Increases blood flow to hair follicles.
  • Extends the growth phase (anagen phase) of the hair cycle.
• Advantages of foam vs. liquid:
  • Easier to apply and less messy.
  • Dries faster.
  • Contains fewer irritants (no propylene glycol), so it causes less scalp itching or flaking.
• Dosage forms:
  • Commonly available in 5% foam for men.
  • Lower concentrations (2%) sometimes used for women.
• Limitations:
  • Results vary; regrowth is gradual and requires consistent use.
  • Hair loss may resume if treatment is stopped.
  • Not effective for all types of hair loss (e.g., scarring alopecia).

✨ Short summary:
"Minoxidil Foam – easy, effective, and proven for hair regrowth."

Kisspeptin Therapy

• What it is: Kisspeptin is a naturally occurring hormone that plays a key role in regulating reproductive hormones.
• Mechanism of action: It stimulates the hypothalamus to release GnRH (Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone), which in turn triggers the release of LH (Luteinizing Hormone) and FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) — both essential for fertility.
• Clinical use:
  • Investigated as a treatment for infertility, especially in women who do not respond to traditional ovulation induction drugs.
  • Studied in assisted reproduction (IVF) to safely trigger ovulation without the risks associated with hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin).
• Advantages:
  • More natural stimulation of reproductive hormones.
  • Lower risk of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) compared to conventional drugs.
  • Potentially safer for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
• Current status (2025–2026):
  • Still in clinical trials and research phases.
  • Early studies show promising results, but it is not yet widely approved as a standard therapy.

✨ Short summary:
"Kisspeptin Therapy is an emerging fertility treatment that naturally stimulates reproductive hormones, offering a safer alternative to traditional ovulation drugs."

Dextromethorphan (DXM)

• Drug class: Antitussive (cough suppressant).
• Primary use: Relief of dry, non-productive cough (not suitable for coughs with mucus).
• Mechanism of action:
  • Acts on the cough center in the medulla oblongata of the brain.
  • Reduces the urge to cough without affecting breathing.

💊 Dosage Forms

• Syrup (common in over-the-counter cough medicines).
• Tablets or capsules.
• Lozenges.

⚠️ Important Notes

• Not for productive coughs (with phlegm), since mucus needs to be cleared.
• May cause drowsiness, dizziness, or nausea in some people.
• Should not be combined with certain antidepressants (SSRIs, MAOIs) due to risk of serotonin syndrome.
• Children under 4 years should not use it unless prescribed by a physician.
• Overuse or misuse can be dangerous, as high doses may cause hallucinations or other serious side effects.

✨ Short summary:
"Dextromethorphan is a widely used cough suppressant for dry cough, but requires responsible use under medical guidance."